CVE-2024-48931: Arbitrary File Access in ZimaOS
Platform
linux
Component
zimaos
Fixed in
1.2.5
CVE-2024-48931 describes an Arbitrary File Access vulnerability discovered in ZimaOS, a fork of CasaOS. This flaw allows authenticated users to read arbitrary files on the system by manipulating the files parameter in the /v3/file API endpoint. The vulnerability impacts versions of ZimaOS up to and including 1.2.4, and a patch is available in version 1.2.5.
Impact and Attack Scenarios
The primary impact of CVE-2024-48931 is the potential for unauthorized access to sensitive system files. An attacker who can exploit this vulnerability can read files such as /etc/shadow, which contains password hashes for all user accounts on the system. Successful exploitation could lead to privilege escalation, allowing the attacker to gain root access and completely compromise the ZimaOS instance. The ability to read configuration files and other sensitive data also presents a significant risk of data exfiltration and further system compromise. This vulnerability shares similarities with other file access vulnerabilities where improper input validation allows attackers to bypass security controls.
Exploitation Context
CVE-2024-48931 was publicly disclosed on 2024-10-24. The vulnerability is not currently listed on the CISA KEV catalog, and there are no publicly available proof-of-concept exploits at the time of writing. However, the ease of exploitation and the potential for significant impact suggest that it could become a target for attackers. The vulnerability's reliance on authentication means that attackers would need to obtain valid credentials to exploit it.
Threat Intelligence
Exploit Status
EPSS
0.53% (67% percentile)
CISA SSVC
CVSS Vector
What do these metrics mean?
- Attack Vector
- Network — remotely exploitable over the internet. No physical or local access required. Widest attack surface.
- Attack Complexity
- Low — no special conditions required. Attacker can exploit reliably without depending on rare configurations or timing.
- Privileges Required
- None — unauthenticated. No login or credentials needed to exploit.
- User Interaction
- None — attack is automatic and silent. Victim does nothing: no click, no file open.
- Scope
- Unchanged — impact is limited to the vulnerable component itself.
- Confidentiality
- High — complete confidentiality loss. Attacker can read all data: credentials, keys, personal data.
- Integrity
- None — no integrity impact. Attacker cannot modify data.
- Availability
- None — no availability impact. Service remains fully operational.
Affected Software
Weakness Classification (CWE)
Timeline
- Reserved
- Published
- Modified
- EPSS updated
Mitigation and Workarounds
The primary mitigation for CVE-2024-48931 is to upgrade ZimaOS to version 1.2.5 or later, which includes the necessary fix. If upgrading immediately is not possible, consider implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) rule to block requests to the /v3/file endpoint with suspicious files parameters. Specifically, look for parameters containing absolute paths or attempts to access system directories like /etc. Additionally, restrict access to the ZimaOS API to trusted networks and users. After upgrading, verify the fix by attempting to access a sensitive file (e.g., /etc/shadow) through the /v3/file endpoint; the request should be rejected.
How to fix
Actualizar a una versión parcheada cuando esté disponible. Como no hay una versión parcheada, se recomienda restringir el acceso a la API y monitorear el sistema en busca de accesos no autorizados hasta que se publique una actualización.
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Frequently asked questions
What is CVE-2024-48931 — Arbitrary File Access in ZimaOS?
CVE-2024-48931 is a HIGH severity vulnerability in ZimaOS versions ≤1.2.4 that allows authenticated users to read arbitrary files, potentially including sensitive system files like /etc/shadow.
Am I affected by CVE-2024-48931 in ZimaOS?
You are affected if you are running ZimaOS version 1.2.4 or earlier. Upgrade to version 1.2.5 to mitigate the risk.
How do I fix CVE-2024-48931 in ZimaOS?
Upgrade ZimaOS to version 1.2.5 or later. As a temporary workaround, implement a WAF rule to block suspicious requests to the /v3/file endpoint.
Is CVE-2024-48931 being actively exploited?
There are currently no confirmed reports of active exploitation, but the vulnerability's ease of exploitation makes it a potential target.
Where can I find the official ZimaOS advisory for CVE-2024-48931?
Refer to the ZimaOS official website and GitHub repository for the latest security advisories and updates related to CVE-2024-48931.
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