Moodleにおいて、ファイル復元を介したリモートコード実行のリスク

The impact of CVE-2026-26045 is significant due to the potential for complete server takeover. An attacker who can successfully restore a malicious backup file gains the ability to execute arbitrary code on the Moodle server. This could involve installing malware, stealing sensitive data (user credentials, course content, database information), or using the compromised server as a launchpad for further attacks within the network. The vulnerability requires authenticated access, meaning the attacker needs valid login credentials to a privileged Moodle user account to initiate the restore process. Given Moodle's widespread use in educational institutions and organizations, the potential blast radius is substantial.

Educational institutions, organizations, and businesses that rely on Moodle for learning management are at risk. Specifically, deployments with weak password policies or shared administrator accounts are more vulnerable. Organizations using Moodle plugins that interact with the backup and restore functionality should also assess their risk.

• php: Examine Moodle logs for errors or unusual activity during backup and restore operations. Look for patterns indicative of code execution attempts.

 grep -i 'error' /var/log/apache2/error.log | grep 'moodle'

• php: Monitor file uploads to the Moodle backup directory for suspicious files. Check file extensions and content for potentially malicious code.

 find /var/www/moodle/backup -type f -name '*.zip' -print0 | xargs -0 file

• generic web: Monitor network traffic for unusual POST requests to Moodle's backup and restore endpoints. • generic web: Review Moodle user accounts and permissions, ensuring that only authorized personnel have access to backup and restore functionality.

1. 2026-02-21Disclosure

   disclosure

1. 予約済み2026-02-10
2. 公開日2026-02-21
3. 更新日2026-03-02
4. EPSS 更新日2026-03-23

The primary mitigation for CVE-2026-26045 is to immediately upgrade Moodle to version 5.1.2 or later. If upgrading is not immediately feasible, restrict access to the backup and restore functionality to only trusted administrators. Implement strict file validation and sanitization procedures for all uploaded backup files. Consider using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to detect and block suspicious backup file uploads or restore requests. Monitor Moodle logs for unusual activity related to backup and restore operations. After upgrading, confirm the fix by attempting to restore a test backup file and verifying that no unexpected code execution occurs.

最終更新

5.2.0最近