XWiki allows remote code execution through default value of wiki macro wiki-type parameters

The impact of CVE-2025-49581 is severe. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious wiki macro parameter that, when defined and used on a page with programming rights, executes arbitrary code. This code execution occurs with the privileges of the page author, effectively granting the attacker the same level of access. This could involve gaining access to sensitive data stored within XWiki, modifying system configurations, installing malware, or even pivoting to other systems on the network. The ability to execute code within the XWiki environment represents a significant compromise of the platform's confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The vulnerability's reliance on edit rights means that even standard users could be exploited if they have the ability to modify pages with programming permissions.

Organizations using XWiki Platform, particularly those with multiple users who have edit rights on pages with programming permissions, are at risk. Shared hosting environments where multiple users share access to the same XWiki instance are especially vulnerable, as a compromised user could potentially exploit this vulnerability to gain access to other users' data or the entire hosting environment. Legacy XWiki installations that have not been regularly updated are also at increased risk.

• java / server: Monitor XWiki logs for unusual wiki macro execution patterns, particularly those involving Groovy, Python, or Velocity code. Look for errors related to macro parameter parsing or execution.

journalctl -u xwiki -f | grep -i "wiki macro execution"

• java / server: Use a security scanner to identify pages with programming rights and examine their wiki macro configurations for suspicious parameters. • generic web: Attempt to define a wiki macro parameter with potentially malicious code (e.g., System.out.println("Exploit")) and observe the XWiki response for signs of code execution. • generic web: Review XWiki access and error logs for any unusual activity related to wiki macro usage or parameter manipulation.

1. 2025-06-13Disclosure

   disclosure

1. 已保留2025-06-06
2. 发布日期2025-06-13
3. 修改日期2026-04-01
4. EPSS 更新日期2026-03-23

The primary mitigation for CVE-2025-49581 is to upgrade to a patched version of XWiki Platform: 16.4.7, 16.10.3, or 17.0.0. If immediate upgrading is not possible, consider implementing stricter validation of wiki macro parameters to prevent the injection of malicious code. This could involve whitelisting allowed characters or implementing input sanitization techniques. As a temporary workaround, restrict programming rights on pages where possible. Monitor XWiki logs for suspicious activity, particularly related to wiki macro execution. Consider implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with rules to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability, focusing on patterns indicative of code injection within wiki macro parameters.